مفهوم‌سازی استعاری در یازده جزء قرآن کریم: تبیینی شناختی و فرهنگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای زبانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

2 دانشیار زبانشناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

پژوهش معنی‏شناختی حاضر به منظور ارائه تبیینی شناختی و فرهنگی بر استعاره‌های مفهومی در جزء‌های 20 تا 30 قرآن مجید به انجام رسیده است. استخراج «انواع استعاره­های مفهومی»، تعیین «استعاره‌های پربسامد»، «حوزه­های مبدأ» و «حوزه‌های مقصد» روند انجام پژوهش با استفاده از نظریۀ استعارۀ مفهومی می‌باشد. تنوع مفاهیم «مقصد» و بسامد کاربردی مفاهیم «مبدأ» نشان می‌دهند، قرآن مجید در خصوص چه مفاهیمی قصد معنی‌افزایی از طریق مفهوم‌سازی استعاری را داشته است. این بررسی زمینه‌ای برای درک بیشتر جهان­بینی ارائه­شده در قرآن مجید و امکان تعیین الگوهای رفتاری دین با شناسایی استعاره‌ها را فراهم می‌آورد. نتایج تحقیق حاضر نمایانگر طبقه‌بندی هفت‌گانه از استعاره‌ها در «حوزة تجربی مبدأ» مشتمل بر: «زندگی اجتماعی»، «نیازهای بدن و فعالیت آن»، «طرحواره‌های انگاره­ای (طرحواره‌بنیاد)»، «عناصر طبیعت»، «شخص»­، «اعضای بدن»، و «استعاره‌های شباهت‌بنیاد (تشبیهی)» است؛ که از آن میان بیشترین درصد مفهوم‌سازی استعاری در حوزه‎ی مبدأ «زندگی اجتماعی» و کمترین آن در حوزه‌ی «شخص» است. با در نظر داشتن این نکته که بیشترین شناخت بشر از عناصر و زیرحوزه‌های «زندگی اجتماعی» است، مبادی قرآنی نیز در این حوزه بیشترین نقش را در انتزاع‌زدایی مفاهیم فرهنگی و اعتقادی دین داشته‌اند و تجارب دینی اسلامی را با استفاده از مبدأهای این حوزه سامان داده و به عنوان الگوهایی عرفی (قراردادی) و عملی به کار برده‌اند. بر این اساس، استعاره‌های قرآنی به تشکیل الگوهای فرهنگی و شناختی می‌انجامند و «نظام اعتقادی توحیدی» (قرآنی) به تجارب بدن‌مند بشر در مفهوم‌سازی استعاری جهت داده، و این «جهان‌بینی قرآنی» به صورت الگویِ فرهنگیِ اسلامی و شناختی در طرحواره استعاری قرآن قابل مشاهده است.

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